Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau 

In the same movement we have different designers working around Europe and America We had Charles Rennie Mackintosh working in Glasgow, Victor Horta working in Belgium, Hector Guimard and Rene Lalique working in France, Joseph Hoffman and Gustav Klimt working in Austria, Otto Eckmann working in Germany, Antoni Gaudi in Spain, Alphons Mucha working in Czech Republic and in America we had Tiffany. 

In Britain and Glasgow it was called Art Nouveau.

In France it was called the Modern Style.

In Austria it was called Secessionstil.

In Germany it was called Jugenstil.

In Italy it was called Stile Liberty.

In Spain it was called Modernista.

Art Nouveau in Britain and Glasgow

In Britain and Glasgow there was Charles Rennie Mackintosh who was born in Glasgow in 1868. He was a designer, painter and graphic artist and he was one of the best in the late 19th-century British Arts and Crafts movement. 

In 1894 Charles Rennie Mackintosh married Margaret Macdonald. The founded the “Glassgow Four” with Margaret´s sister Frances and Herbert Mac Nair. In 1896 the Glasgow Four showed there crafts objects and furniture at the Arts & Crafts Exhibition Society in London. In 1897 Charles Rennie Mackintosh began working on a new building the Glasgow School of Art. His work was entitled as total works of art.

This is a reproduction of a Charles Rennie Mackintosh chair which is sold @ $ 600 : Houzz.

                                                 Charles Rennie Mackintosh Hillhouse Chair 

                                                                                    Berlino Table

These are still manufactured and they are being selled by Bonluxat. As we can see although it was Art Nouveau Charles Rennie Mackintosh uses geometric shapes for his design although other artist in the same movement uses more curves and whip lash.

Art Nouveau in Belgium 

In Belgium we find Victor Horta born in 6 January 1861 and died 8 September 1947. 

Victor Horta was an out standing architect of the Art Nouveau style. He was a student at Academic des Beaux - Art in Brussels 1876-81 Horta was a student of the Neoclassical architect Alphonse Balat. A very important piece that Victor Horta made was Octagonal hall  with a stair case leading to various levels.

After 1900 Horta Simplified his style , using decorative more and eliminated exposed iron. In 1912 the became the director of the academy and he designed the Palais des Beaux - Arts (1922-28) in a simple and classical style.

                                                               The Octagonal hall staircase - Victor Horta

                                                                                 Hotel Tassel stairs.

                                 

                                                                Henry Van De Velde 

                                                 They were working in the same movement and same time.

Modern Style (Art Nouveau) in France 

                                                          
                                                        Hector Guimard - Paris Metro Entrance (1894-1897)

                                                           Rene Lalique - Jewellery Piece Dragonfly

As we can see Rene Lalique merged human organism with animals together to make a jewellery piece. As we can see Rene Lalique uses the wisp lash forms in his jewellery pieces.

Secessionstil (Art Nouveau) in Austria 

                                                                Josef Hoffman - Architect and Designer 

                                                                                       Kubus Chair

Josef Hoffman started to use forms as a function not as a decoration.

                                                                 The kiss by Gustav Klimt -Painter 

Modernista (Art Nouveau) in Spain

Antoni Gaudi born June 25 1852 Reus, Spain and died June 10 1926 Barcelona. The style  that Antoni Gaudi used is called the freedom of the form because as we can see this Basilica of La Sagra Famila was influenced by Gothic style. 

La Sagra Famila Basilica Barcelona 

  

                                                               Otto Eckmann - Artist Colour woodcut, (1896)

Art Nouveau in America 

                                                          Tiffany lamps - Venetian desk lamp (1910-1920)

                                                                            Table lamp (1900-1906)

Referencing :

Art Dictionary . 2009. Charles Rennie Mackintosh . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.mackintosh-charles-rennie.com. [Accessed 03 December 13].

Encyclopaedia Britannica . 2013. Victor Baron Horta . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/272460/Victor-Baron-Horta. [Accessed 03 December 13].

Encyclopaedia Britannica . 2013. Antoni Gaudi . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226989/Antoni-Gaudi. [Accessed 03 December 13].

Sandra Heyvaert. 2011. Pinterest. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.pinterest.com/skimmia7/om-naar-te-kijken/. [Accessed 03 December 13].

Iconic Interiors. 2003. Iconic Interiors Home. [ONLINE] Available at: http://iconicinteriors.com/designer_furniture/category/chairs/kubus_chair_by_josef_hoffmann/#.UrWOhJE7Yuk. [Accessed 03 December 13].

The sunspot theme. 2013. Antoni Gaudi . [ONLINE] Available at: http://ktrmurali.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/antoni-gaudi-google-doodle/. [Accessed 03 December 13].