Task 3 part 2 : How Marcel Breuer and Charles and Ray Eames Effected Todays Design

Marcel Breuer was a Hungarian designer born in 1902-1981. He studied at the Bauhaus school and he was the Master of the Carpentry workshop at the Bauhaus school in the early 20´s. Marcel Breuer produced a big number of cantilever chairs and tables, he was one of the first that were experimenting with tubular steel. He got this idea of bending tubular steel for furniture from the handlebar of the Adler bicycle.

Marcel Breuer was always experimenting with tubular steel because he wanted to give the product a good finish but at that time machine were a problem. When he was bending the tubular steel the welding seam appears, but his Manufacturer Mannesmann perfected a process for making seamless steel tubing.

These are some of Marcel Breuer´s work and they are evening being reproduced by Knoll company. The Wassily chair (1925), Cesca chair (1928), Laccio side table (1925), Laccio Coffee table (1925) and Lounge chair. 

Cesca chair (1928)

Wassily chair (1925)

Laccio side table (1925)

Laccio Coffee table (1925) 

Lounge chair

Marcel Breuer left a good idea of tubular steel bending but other designers also started to use flat bar for bending in their designs example Mies Van Der Rohe in his Brno chair, Tugendhat chair and Paul Kjaerholm in his Chair 20 (1968). Other designers were also using to bent wood to make cantilever chair like Alvar Alto in his Armchair 406 (1933), Lloyd Alter in his bamboo cantilever chair (2006) and Charles and Ray Eames tested with wood bending, they used some of the techniques that Marcel Breuer used in his designs. 

Basculant - Le Corbusier

Chaise Lounge - Le Corbusier

Bamboo cantilever chair

Marcel Breuer tubular steel didn´t only effect chair and tables, other designers were effected in making tool like the Aluminium ladder, the wheel barrow, the wheel chair and more other things.

Charles Eames born in 1907-1978 and Ray Eames 1912-1988. These two were married in 1941 and they wanted to design multifunctional modern design. They experimented on making moulded plywood chairs and product. Charles made one of his first wood furniture set design with moulded plywood with Eero Saarinen.

Charles and Ray Eames wanted to convince the people that there products were functional, affordable and they have a modern look. But after many time experimenting on plywood Charles and Ray needed machines so the could continue and improve there design. The U.S Navy wanted Charles and Ray to make a leg splint for the injured soldier, it needed to be lightweight so it would be comfortable for the user and they wanted it to be mass-produced. After many experiments they finished the leg splint which was made from moulded plywood. In 1942-43 the leg splint was being manufactured by the Evans Product Company and today it is one of the design icons.

 Leg splint by Charles and Ray Eames

Charles and Ray Eames made more furniture designs in there carrier they even designed their own house, the Eames House which influenced the other architect at that time. Some of there furniture are the Eames Lounge Chair, Wire Side Chair (1951), DCW side chair (1946), these are still in production by the Vitra. DCW side chair (1946)

DCW side chair (1946)

Eames Lounge Chair

These are some products that were inspired from Charles and Ray Eames did in the Organic design movement, Kurven Chair by Cody Stonerock, Ribbon Chair by Tom Vaughan and Molded Plywood chair by Cherner Chair. 

Ribbon Chair by Tom Vaughan

Unkown name

Unkown name

Kurven Chair by Cody Stonerock

Molded Plywood chair by Cherner Chair.

Unkown name

Referencing :

Despoke. 2012. Reverse Cantilever Chair. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.despoke.com/2013/07/16/reverse-cantilever-chair/. [Accessed 25 January 14].

Notcot. 2005. MYTO CANTILEVER CHAIR FOR PLANK- 05.22.08. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.notcot.com/archives/2008/05/myto-cantilever.php. [Accessed 24 January 14].

moyuc. 2013. High Resolution Image: Comfortable Chairs 1500x1500 Contemporary Cantilever Chair Stack C Tinted By Johan Berhin. [ONLINE] Available at: http://moyuc.com/comfortable-chairs-1500x1500-contemporary-cantilever-chair-stack-c-tinted-by-johan-berhin/images/high-resolution-40670/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Care Vacations. 2012. Care Vacations. [ONLINE] Available at: http://carevacations.com/special-needs/products/regular-wheelchair/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Knoll. Inc. 2014. Discover Knoll Designers Marcel Breuer Knoll Designer Marcel Breuer Knoll Designer Bios Marcel Breuer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.knoll.com/designer/Marcel-Breuer. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Focus Technology Co., Ltd. 2014. ZheJiang YongKang Foreign Economy and Trade Corp.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://liliang.en.made-in-china.com/product-group/aoFmgArlJEVw/Aluminium-Ladders-catalog-1.html. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Wordsun Limited. 2012. Fully-automated production cell increases wheelbarrow frame manufacturing efficiency. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wordsun.com/news/release/fully-automated-production-cell-increases-wheelbarrow-frame-manufacturing-efficiency/en. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Chairpedia . 2012. "The Modern Chair" Classic Designs by Thonet, Breuer, Le Courbusier, Eames and Others By Clement Meadmore . [ONLINE] Available at: http://chairpedia.com/intro/the-modern-chair.aspx. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Decor Feed. 2014. Modern Plywood Chair. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.decorfeed.com/19-concepts-for-wooden-chairs/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Terramia. 2007. The Mid Century Modernist. [ONLINE] Available at: http://midcenturymodernist.com/2007/culture/ideas/offi-mag-table-as-tv-and-laptop-stand/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Berkshire Fine Arts. 2006. The Eames Iconic Plywood Leg Splint. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.berkshirefinearts.com/12-10-2011_the-eames-iconic-plywood-leg-splint.htm. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Dieter Rams

Dieter Rams born 20 May 1932 in Wiesbaden, Hessen is a German industrial designer. He worked for Braun, he studied in architecture and interior decoration at Wiesbaden School of Art in 1947 and in 1948 he stopped from studying and continued his apprenticeship as a carpenter. He continued the school in 1948 and he graduated with honours in 1953.

He went to work with Otto Apel who was and established architect. In 1955 he went to work with Braun as an architect and interior designer but in 1961 he wa promoted at the Chief Design Officer at Braun until 1995. His designs were influenced from his grandfather who was a carpenter. Dieter had a phrase which he said ´´Less, but better´´ Dieter Rams designed many products for Braun including the famous SK-4 record player, high-quality ´b` series (D45, D46) of 35mm film slide projectors. He also designed a furniture collection for Vitsoe in the 1960´s, one of the most famous designs are the 606 University Shelving System and 620 Chart Programme.

Dieter Rams designed the ABR 21 signal radio in (1978)

BRAUN Receiver Regie 510 made by Rams

TP1 by Dieter Rams

 

Braun RT20 by Dieter Rams

Dieter Rams - Hairdryer (1970)

Combination of Vitsoe and Braun designs by Rams

Rams managed to make Braun a household name in the 1950´s because he designed electronic gadgets that were remarkable, they were aesthetically and user friendly and electronic gadget were at its best because the were new.

Braun DW30 made by Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs made back in 1978

This watch is based on the principles of Dieter Rams.

These are the 10 terms for good design that Dieter always design by these terms which are 1: Innovative, 2 : Useful, 3 : Aesthetic, 4 : Understandable, 5 : Unobtrusive, 6 : Honest, 7 : Long Lasting, 8 : Down to the last detail, 9 : Environmentally friendly, 10 : little design as possible - Less, but better. 

Dieter Rams house and work shop 

Today we can see in electronic devices that they goes by the principles that Dieter Rams gave them such as the famous Apple Company and Samsung. The Apple has a slick and minimal design which seem aesthetically correct, when you use there products you think that they cannot improve there product further.

These are some products from the latest Apple designs : iPod, iPad, Macbook.

Referencing :

Yannick Brouwer. 2009. Dieter Rams. [ONLINE] Available at: http://dieterrams.tumblr.com. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Vitsoe. 2009. Vitsoe Dieter Rams. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.vitsoe.com/gb/about/dieter-rams. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Ayesha Tarar . 2013. Gadget Dairy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://gadgetsdairy.com/apple-ipod-touch-5-review/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

T-Mobile Polska. 2014. T-MOBILE TRENDY. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.t-mobile-trendy.pl/artykul,4515,ipad_mini_-_krol_tabletow_po_kuracji_odchudzajacej,testy,1.html. [Accessed 24 January 14].

ANANDTECH. 1997. The 2011 MacBook Air (11 & 13-inch): Thoroughly Reviewed. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.anandtech.com/show/4528/the-2011-macbook-air-11-13inch-review/5. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Zaha Hadid

Dama Zaha Mohammad Hadid born in Baghdad Iraq in 1950, she studied at the American University in Beirut, were she was studying Mathematics. In 1972 she moved to London and studied architecture at the Architecture Associations and she graduated in 1977. After Zaha graduated she want to work at the (OMA) Office of Metropolitan Architecture. Zaha Hadid was also a teacher at the Architecture Association with her collaborators Rem Koolhass and Elia Zenghelis. In 1980 Zaha won a prestigious competion for the Hong Kong Peak.

Zaha was one of the most architects that change the style for her buildings design, she pushed the boundaries of architecture and urban design. Her buildings are distinctively futuristic and they are characterised by the powerful, curving forms of her elongated structures.

In 2002, she won the International design compassion to design Singapore one-north master plan and in 2005 she won the competition for the new city casino of Basel, Switzerland. In 2004 she won the Pritzker Architecture Price and she was the first female and first Muslim that won, this price is equivalent to the Nobel price. The New Stateman magazine listed Zaha Hadid at the number 42 in their annual survey of ´´The World´s 50 Most Influential Figures 2010´´. Zaha Hadid was appointed as the Commander of the Order of the Britsh Empire in 2002 and Dome Commander of the British Empire in 2012 as Birthday Honours for services to architecture. 

Zaha Hadid was also working as an interior designer, she designed Minel Zone at the Millennium Dome in London. She also designed furniture installations within Georgian surroundings of Home House private members club in Marylebone, also the Z.CAR hydrogen-powered, three-wheeled automobile. Zaha also designed clothing for the brand La Coste, she created a new, high fashion and advanced boots. She is still being involved in academics, holding chair and guest professor skill at the Harvard University, Yale University, Univeristy Illinois at Chicago.

Some of Zaha´s architectural building are the Vitra Fire Station Germany (1993), Mind Zone at the Millennium Dome Uk (1999), Ski Jump Innsbruck, Centre for Contemporary art  Ohio (2003). 

Vitra Fire Station Germany (1993)

Mind Zone at the Millennium Dome Uk (1999)

Ski Jump, Innsbruck

Centre for Contemporary art  Ohio (2003)

Zaha Hadid was also inspired from great architects such as Mies Van Der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Peter Eisenman and other architects. 

Peter Eisenman

Le Corbusier

Mies Van Der Rohe

Referencing :

The Hyatt Foundation. 2014. Sponsored by The Hyatt Foundation. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2004/bio. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Logo. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/15938/Vitra-Fire-Station-Weil-am-Rhein-Germany-by-Zaha-Hadid. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Zero Zero Decade. 2011. Center for the media and destiny. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.mediaanddestiny.org/the-zero-zero-decade/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Bergisel Ski Jump. 2003. INNSBRUCK - THE CAPITAL OF THE ALPS AND ITS HOLIDAY VILLAGES. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.innsbruck.info/en/experience/sightseeing/modern-architecture/detail/article/bergisel-sprungschanze.html. [Accessed 24 January 14].

The Chicago Athenaeum. 2001. The American Architecture Awards. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/archawards/2005/rosenthalcontart.html. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Alireza Montazeri . 2013. Anniversary of the birth of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe - See more at: http://www.conceptbook.org/anniversary-of-the-birth-of-ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe/#sthash.IJJL4s1a.dpuf. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.conceptbook.org/anniversary-of-the-birth-of-ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Neue Responsive. 2012. Le Corbusier & Women; The Feminist Voyeur?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.phinharper.com/le-corbusier-the-feminist-voyeur/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Philippe Stark

Philippe Stark was born in 1949, he stopped from school early so he started his career by designing two nightclubs interiors in Paris in the 70´s. Philippe had a great success from these two clubs, he was even asked from the President Francois Mitterrand to design one of his private apartment in the Elysee Palace. After designed the interior of the Cafe Costes in Paris. These gave him a great push in his career and he becoming more famous. He said that ´for me it was a duty to invent´ because his father was an aeronautical engineer.

His career started to get on the wright track, hue created interiors for the Royalton and Paramount Hotel in New York, Delano in Miami and Mondrian in Los Angeles. Philippe also started to design products such as motorcycles, boat, chairs, lamps, house hold utensils such as his Juicy Salif for Alessi (Lemon Juicer).

Concept boat - Philippe Stark 

Philippe Stark - Handless Kettle

                         

Louis Ghost Chair- Philippe Stark 

                                

Louis Ghost Chair- Philippe Stark 

In the 1980´s and 90´s he continued his portfolio by designing creative products. His products are related to him because of the characteristics and he give them personal identities, he usually named them poetically or whimsical names for example : Rosy Angelis Lamp, La Marie chair, Dr. No chair is usably seen in clubs, it is made from injected- moulded plastic. While the material and form seems to be contradictions, its just such paradoxes that make Stark´s work so compelling. 

Dr. No chair - Philippe Stark

Like Charlos and Ray Eames said that ´´they wanted to make the world a better place``. Philippe Stark wants to make the world a better place too, but his design are slightly different from Charles and Ray Eames design, Philipe Stark design are more futuristic but also organic. 

This is one of the designer that you don´t know from where actually he was inspired from because he tends to change his design often but he is inspired from organic designers and post modernism such as Eero Aarnio, Alvar Alto and other designers. Here we can see that Stark really inspired himself from Eero Aarnio.

British Modern Chair - Philippe Stark

Eero Aarnio - Egg Chair

Referencing :

Design Within Reach. 2014. Philippe Starck FRANCE (1949). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.dwr.com/category/designers/r-t/philippe-starck.do. [Accessed 23 January 14].

Philippe Stark. 2013. Stark . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.starck.com/en/philippe_starck/biography/#to_know_more. [Accessed 23 January 14].

Polityką prywatności. 2011. Philippe Starck – twórca nowoczesnego wzornictwa. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wsalonie.pl/a/895/philippe-starck-tworca-nowoczesnego-wzornictwa. [Accessed 23 January 14].

independent. 2004. The Secret History Of: Philippe Starck's lemon squeezer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/property/interiors/the-secret-history-of-philippe-starcks-lemon-squeezer-1972849.html. [Accessed 23 January 14].

The Twenty Eleven Theame. 2001. You are a Nomad. [ONLINE] Available at: http://brimstonesandtreacle.wordpress.com/2012/03/08/you-are-a-nomad/. [Accessed 23 January 14].

AdmCreate. 2012. Interior Create. [ONLINE] Available at: http://interior-create.blogspot.com/2010/08/eero-aarnio-plastic-furniture-from.html. [Accessed 23 January 14].

North Robertson Blvd., Los Angeles, . 2009. Kartell Los Angeles. [ONLINE] Available at: http://kartellstorela.com/shop/louis-ghost/. [Accessed 23 January 14].