Task 3 part 2 : How Marcel Breuer and Charles and Ray Eames Effected Todays Design

Marcel Breuer was a Hungarian designer born in 1902-1981. He studied at the Bauhaus school and he was the Master of the Carpentry workshop at the Bauhaus school in the early 20´s. Marcel Breuer produced a big number of cantilever chairs and tables, he was one of the first that were experimenting with tubular steel. He got this idea of bending tubular steel for furniture from the handlebar of the Adler bicycle.

Marcel Breuer was always experimenting with tubular steel because he wanted to give the product a good finish but at that time machine were a problem. When he was bending the tubular steel the welding seam appears, but his Manufacturer Mannesmann perfected a process for making seamless steel tubing.

These are some of Marcel Breuer´s work and they are evening being reproduced by Knoll company. The Wassily chair (1925), Cesca chair (1928), Laccio side table (1925), Laccio Coffee table (1925) and Lounge chair. 

Cesca chair (1928)

Wassily chair (1925)

Laccio side table (1925)

Laccio Coffee table (1925) 

Lounge chair

Marcel Breuer left a good idea of tubular steel bending but other designers also started to use flat bar for bending in their designs example Mies Van Der Rohe in his Brno chair, Tugendhat chair and Paul Kjaerholm in his Chair 20 (1968). Other designers were also using to bent wood to make cantilever chair like Alvar Alto in his Armchair 406 (1933), Lloyd Alter in his bamboo cantilever chair (2006) and Charles and Ray Eames tested with wood bending, they used some of the techniques that Marcel Breuer used in his designs. 

Basculant - Le Corbusier

Chaise Lounge - Le Corbusier

Bamboo cantilever chair

Marcel Breuer tubular steel didn´t only effect chair and tables, other designers were effected in making tool like the Aluminium ladder, the wheel barrow, the wheel chair and more other things.

Charles Eames born in 1907-1978 and Ray Eames 1912-1988. These two were married in 1941 and they wanted to design multifunctional modern design. They experimented on making moulded plywood chairs and product. Charles made one of his first wood furniture set design with moulded plywood with Eero Saarinen.

Charles and Ray Eames wanted to convince the people that there products were functional, affordable and they have a modern look. But after many time experimenting on plywood Charles and Ray needed machines so the could continue and improve there design. The U.S Navy wanted Charles and Ray to make a leg splint for the injured soldier, it needed to be lightweight so it would be comfortable for the user and they wanted it to be mass-produced. After many experiments they finished the leg splint which was made from moulded plywood. In 1942-43 the leg splint was being manufactured by the Evans Product Company and today it is one of the design icons.

 Leg splint by Charles and Ray Eames

Charles and Ray Eames made more furniture designs in there carrier they even designed their own house, the Eames House which influenced the other architect at that time. Some of there furniture are the Eames Lounge Chair, Wire Side Chair (1951), DCW side chair (1946), these are still in production by the Vitra. DCW side chair (1946)

DCW side chair (1946)

Eames Lounge Chair

These are some products that were inspired from Charles and Ray Eames did in the Organic design movement, Kurven Chair by Cody Stonerock, Ribbon Chair by Tom Vaughan and Molded Plywood chair by Cherner Chair. 

Ribbon Chair by Tom Vaughan

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Kurven Chair by Cody Stonerock

Molded Plywood chair by Cherner Chair.

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Referencing :

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Notcot. 2005. MYTO CANTILEVER CHAIR FOR PLANK- 05.22.08. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.notcot.com/archives/2008/05/myto-cantilever.php. [Accessed 24 January 14].

moyuc. 2013. High Resolution Image: Comfortable Chairs 1500x1500 Contemporary Cantilever Chair Stack C Tinted By Johan Berhin. [ONLINE] Available at: http://moyuc.com/comfortable-chairs-1500x1500-contemporary-cantilever-chair-stack-c-tinted-by-johan-berhin/images/high-resolution-40670/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Care Vacations. 2012. Care Vacations. [ONLINE] Available at: http://carevacations.com/special-needs/products/regular-wheelchair/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Knoll. Inc. 2014. Discover Knoll Designers Marcel Breuer Knoll Designer Marcel Breuer Knoll Designer Bios Marcel Breuer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.knoll.com/designer/Marcel-Breuer. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Focus Technology Co., Ltd. 2014. ZheJiang YongKang Foreign Economy and Trade Corp.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://liliang.en.made-in-china.com/product-group/aoFmgArlJEVw/Aluminium-Ladders-catalog-1.html. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Wordsun Limited. 2012. Fully-automated production cell increases wheelbarrow frame manufacturing efficiency. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wordsun.com/news/release/fully-automated-production-cell-increases-wheelbarrow-frame-manufacturing-efficiency/en. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Chairpedia . 2012. "The Modern Chair" Classic Designs by Thonet, Breuer, Le Courbusier, Eames and Others By Clement Meadmore . [ONLINE] Available at: http://chairpedia.com/intro/the-modern-chair.aspx. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Decor Feed. 2014. Modern Plywood Chair. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.decorfeed.com/19-concepts-for-wooden-chairs/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Terramia. 2007. The Mid Century Modernist. [ONLINE] Available at: http://midcenturymodernist.com/2007/culture/ideas/offi-mag-table-as-tv-and-laptop-stand/. [Accessed 24 January 14].

Berkshire Fine Arts. 2006. The Eames Iconic Plywood Leg Splint. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.berkshirefinearts.com/12-10-2011_the-eames-iconic-plywood-leg-splint.htm. [Accessed 24 January 14].